Introducing Ourselves to the Green River Formation

Ephraim, Utah.  Research Day 2 (July 11).

Field work began on one of the cuestas north of Ephraim, commonly called White Hill. This particular cuesta rises to a height of 6,381 ft in elevation — a good climb for our first day out in the field in the dry Utah heat. We used our first official day as a day of reconnaissance, examining several quarries located on White Hill and also examining a rather large tuff exposed around the cuesta. Phil is planning on conducting research primarily in the quarries in an attempt to stratigraphically correlate the Green River Formation locally, while Bill is going to research the multiple tuff beds present in the formation.

Below, Phil (left) and Bill (right) are eager to begin work in one of the quarries located on White Hill.  Although only 8:00 am, the morning temperatures are in the mid-70s, but they will rise to the mid-90s by the afternoon.

Below, Phil (left) and Bill (right) are eager to begin work in one of the quarries located on White Hill. Although only 8:00 am, the morning temperatures are in the mid-70s, but they will rise to the mid-90s by the afternoon.

The guys are hard at work examining the various lithologies, which range from lime mudstones to boundstones and everything in between.

The guys are hard at work examining the various lithologies, which range from lime mudstones to boundstones and everything in between.

View of the largest tuff that was erupted into the Green River lake.  In places, the tuff is up to 4 ft thick and represents a moment in geologic time.

View of the largest tuff that was erupted into the Green River lake. In places, the tuff is up to 4 ft thick and represents a moment in geologic time.

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Wooster Comes to Central Utah

Ephraim, Utah.  Research Day 1 (July 10).

This summer Phil Blecher and Bill Thomas will both be tackling separate problems in the Eocene Green River Formation of central Utah. They both arrived in Ephraim, which is a small town in the Sanpete Valley that is nestled between the Wasatch Plateau to the east and the Gunnison Plateau (San Pitch Mountains) to the west. Within hours, they took a field trip from Ephraim (elevation 5,560 ft) up to the top of the Wasatch Plateau (elevation >10,000 ft) with some students from the Ohio State field camp.  At this time of year, the top of the Wasatch Plateau along “Skyline Drive” still has snow along the roadside, so it is a good way to get out of the heat of the valley for a few hours.

View to the NE of the Sanpete Valley and adjacent Wasatch Plateau.

View to the NE of the Sanpete Valley and adjacent Wasatch Plateau.

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News from the North

Colin and Kelly standing in front of Mendenhall Glacier. Last year, the ice was where they are standing.

Colin and Kelly standing in front of Mendenhall Glacier. Last year, the ice was where they are standing.

After arriving in Juneau, we went on a quick tour of the town before grabbing a bite to eat and setting up camp across the lake from Mendenhall Glacier. A constant misting rain provided a fitting welcome to Alaska.
The next day we hiked up to the glacier itself while waiting for Dan Lawson and his crew to finish the necessary errands before our chartered flight to Gustavus.

A view of foggy mountains from the Cessna on the flight to Gustavus.

A view of foggy mountains from the Cessna on the flight to Gustavus.

Once in Gustavus we met the final member of our party, Sarah Laxton, who had arrived at the house before us.
The next morning the entire crew loaded into the Capelin, a small research ship, and Justin (our captain) drove us over to our first site, Beartrack, where Dr. Wiles, Kelly and Colin were dropped off for the next two nights.

The Capelin, our trusted research vessel.

The Capelin, our trusted research vessel.

The Fairweather Range, as viewed from the Capelin.

The Fairweather Range, as viewed from the Capelin.

We set up camp in a small wooded area across from Beartrack Mountain and set off on a medium length hike marred only by an arduous return trek through a bunch of windfall.

Our small camp in the woods. The area was almost an island during high tides, connected only by a tombolo to the mainland and, during low tide, another island via tombolo.

Our small camp in the woods. The area was almost an island during high tides, connected only by a tombolo to the mainland and, during low tide, another island via tombolo.

In the mud just outside of our campsite, Beartrack lives up to its name.

In the mud just outside of our campsite, Beartrack lives up to its name.

The next morning we embarked on an arduous vertical hike up Beartrack Mountain, made even more difficult by a section that had been ravaged by an avalanche, making the climb that much more difficult. Large Sitka spruce dominated the lower slopes. As we rose in elevation, some mountain hemlocks were mixed in until finally towards the top only mountain hemlock remained.

Kelly and Sarah core a mountain hemlock near our lunch site during one of the fleeting moments of sunlight.

Kelly and Sarah core a mountain hemlock near our lunch site during one of the fleeting moments of sunlight.

Colin uses the increment borer to core another mountain hemlock.

Colin uses the increment borer to core another mountain hemlock.

One added benefit of our ever increasing elevation was one of many quite beautiful views of the fjord.

One added benefit of our ever increasing elevation was one of many quite beautiful views of the fjord.

Once at our top site (next to a radio repeater station) we all split up and went off to different ridges to core some more hemlocks closer to treeline.

Dr. Wiles head off with his trusty increment borer towards one of the ridges to core some yellow cedar.

Dr. Wiles head off with his trusty increment borer towards one of the ridges to core some yellow cedar.

The next day we were picked up by the Capelin by Justin, Dan, Sarah and the rest and went by boat to upper Muir Inlet to collect samples of wood killed by glacial advances for Kelly’s I.S. These samples ranged from 8000-2000 years before present. To find these samples we hiked up to Dan’s study sites which were located in fluvial valleys where debris flows and erosion due to rain had uncovered old pieces of wood. Along the way, we saw lots of evidence of glacial presence, ranging from moraines to huge glacial erratics. It was hard to fathom that the entire hike had been covered by glaciers a mere 30 years ago.

Sarah standing in front of a huge glacial erratic (one that didn’t have that far to travel). Notice the sediment in front of it that had been pushed along during the glacier’s advance.

Sarah standing in front of a huge glacial erratic (one that didn’t have that far to travel). Notice the sediment in front of it that had been pushed along during the glacier’s advance.

The crew advances on at a time down the steep slope into the valley.

The crew advances on at a time down the steep slope into the valley.

Dr. Wiles cores a trunk along the base of the streambed.

Dr. Wiles cores a trunk along the base of the streambed.

Colin digs out a piece of wood from the wall of the valley.

Colin digs out a piece of wood from the wall of the valley.

The next day was similar. We hiked up to another stream valley to collect more samples.

Dan cuts a cross-section with his chainsaw.

Dan cuts a cross-section with his chainsaw.

On our way back down to the shore from the stream valley, the fog began to roll back and a wonderful View of Muir Inlet was revealed.

On our way back down to the shore from the stream valley, the fog began to roll back and a wonderful View of Muir Inlet was revealed.

After we relocated to another valley nearer the base of the inlet, we located some wood that we think is 8000 years old.

After we relocated to another valley nearer the base of the inlet, we located some wood that we think is 8000 years old.

After four long days in the field, we finally returned to the house for much needed showers and access to a clothes dryer. Today was spent recuperating and going over what had already been done and what still remains to do. Sadly, we also had a casualty in our ranks. Sarah flew back home to British Columbia this evening with what is probably a fractured arm.

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Professor Greg Wiles in the news and a new book

Earlier this summer the Guardian newspaper in the United Kingdom ran a photo essay about scientists working hard to sort out climate change questions. One of the people featured is Wooster professor of geology Greg Wiles in a classic photo first run in National Geographic.

From the Guardian, May 14, 2009 issue.

Wooster's own Greg Wiles looking buff as he cores a log in Alaska for dendrochronological and paleoclimate research (from the May 14, 2009, issue of the Guardian).

This photograph (and a description of Greg’s work) is now included in a new book titled Climate Change: Picturing the Science by Gavin Schmidt and Joshua Wolfe.

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Destroy, Pound, Crush, Grind

After a relatively uneventful journey and a short stay in Wooster, we’ve made it to Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. We’re spending the week analyzing our samples on Dickinson’s X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer (XRF) and X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD). First, we need to turn our rocks into powder. We typically begin by cutting down the sample on a rock saw.

Adam slicing some of his rhyolites. It's a dirty job.

Adam slicing some of his rhyolites. It's a dirty job.

Then we grind the smaller pieces to get rid of any contamination introduced by the saw.

Adam grinding. It's a cleaner job.

Adam grinding. It's a cleaner job.

The samples get cleaned in a sonicator.

Todd cleaning his pillow basalts.

Todd cleaning his pillow basalts.

And the clean samples get set out to dry.

Todd's glasses drying on the lab bench.

Todd's glasses drying on the lab bench.

Finally, the samples can be crushed. We can crush them in a shatterbox or by hand using an agate mortar and pestle.

Rob powdering his zeolites by hand.

Rob powdering his zeolites by hand.

Voila! We have powder!

Pretty rock powders in neat little vials.

Pretty rock powders in neat little vials.

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Blog Worlds Collide

Now that we’re finished with field work, we’re back on the road. First, we stopped at Godafoss, one of Iceland’s beautiful waterfalls (also an excellent location for columnar joints!).

The Woo Crew stands at the edge of Godafoss, "waterfall of the gods."

The Woo Crew stands at the edge of Godafoss, "waterfall of the gods."

Next, we headed to Krafla, an active volcanic region in northern Iceland. Krafla includes Namafjall, a geothermal field with hot springs, mudpots, and fumaroles. It also encompasses Viti, a famous volcanic crater. The information center was open when we arrived, so we stopped to watch a short movie about Krafla’s eruptive history and how the Icelanders use Krafla’s geothermal energy to generate electricity. We even had a chance to look into the powerplant while it was operating.

Lobate flow at Krafla.

Lobate flow at Krafla.

Lava drips on the inside of a lava tube.

Lava drips on the inside of a lava tube.

Glassy texture on a pahoehoe lava flow.

Glassy texture on a pahoehoe lava flow.

Today, we’re back in Reykjavik. We had an opportunity to visit the Culture House, a museum that houses some the medieval sagas. The intricate details preserved in many of the ancient manuscripts were impressive.

The Woo Crew hangs out in Reykjavik.

The Woo Crew hanging out in Reykjavik.

After the Culture House, we bumped into some familiar faces…the Hales Fund Iceland Group! Blog worlds collided.

The Woo Crew joins forces with the Hales Group and invades Reykjavik.

The Woo Crew joins forces with the Hales Group and invades Reykjavik.

We chatted about rhyolites and glaciers, then headed to Reykjavik’s ultimate bakery. According to Rob, “It was good. Period.”

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Iceland Permeates Our Everything

Done! Today was our last day in the field. Rob finished hunting for zeolites on Vatnsdalsfjall.

Rob finishes his field work today.

Rob finished his field work today.

To get to the last field area, we had to cross “the deadly fields of sadness,” hummocky and swampy fields that are treacherous to walk across. One of us (guess who?) wished for a “luck dragon to fly us to the top of the mountain.” Then we had to cross a river. Adam kindly offered piggy-back rides to everyone. Rob took him up on it. Meanwhile, Todd and Meagen took a different approach.

Adam gives Rob a lift across the river.

Adam gives Rob a lift across the river.

Success!

Sweet success!

Todd tests his waterproof boots.

Todd tests how waterproof his boots are.

Yesterday, Adam finished his field work, but the day started with a small adventure. On our way to Adam’s last field site, the car somehow found a ditch! Fortunately, a nice elderly Icelandic farmer knows charades, and Meagen was able to ask him for help. He came to the rescue with his dog and his tractor! After that, we hit the rhyolite jackpot and Adam completed all of his I.S. sampling.

The Woo Crew with our trusty rental car.

The Woo Crew with our trusty rental car.

Like the Estonia Crew, we’re almost ready to head home, but not before we see Krafla and meet with the Hales Fund Iceland Group.

The Woo Crew completes a successful field season.

The Woo Crew completes a successful field season and walks off into the sunset (if only the sun would set!).

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Estonia Geology Team heads for home

luggage071109TALLINN, ESTONIA–It is always a good sign for a geologist when you leave with twice as many bags as when you arrived. There is a careful shuffle to make certain the rocks we are taking home are arranged so that no bag is over 50 pounds. Not so hard for me this time because, like Meagen, my heavy boots are casualties, along with a pair of jeans, a jacket, and two shirts. (Try writing those into a grant request.)

Bill and the Baltic Boys left very early this morning for Helsinki, where they are now in a long layover until they depart for Kennedy Airport in New York this afternoon. I’m waiting in the Tallinn terminal for my flight to Copenhagen, and then to Chicago and finally to home.

All has gone very well. The Estonia Geology Team will check in now and then with blog entries detailing their lab work and other projects related to their thesis research and professional papers. We are again grateful to Olev and Ingrid Vinn and Helje Pärnaste for their invaluable assistance while we were in Estonia. A beautiful country and a beautiful people. We also want to thank Suzanne Easterling at Flair Travel for sorting out the complicated arrangements, including making sure an errant train ticket reached me in Moscow over five weeks ago.

UPDATE:  Everyone arrived home … with their luggage!

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Short summer field movies

TALLINN, ESTONIA–On my last evening in Estonia this year I finally had time to figure out how to post some of the short video clips I’ve taken over the past several weeks. The Iceland group pioneered the concept on this blog with their excellent Great Basalt Race. I can’t come close to matching that excitement, but since we have this cool equipment I might as well display the results! These clips are also now included in the appropriate blog posts.

First, going back to the May work in Israel, here is a brief view of some girls dancing just outside the Old City of Jerusalem. Next is a simple pan from outside Andrey Dronov’s cottage in Russia looking at the Lynna River. Then sailing into pack ice in Isfjorden, Svalbard, Norway. Soon afterwards I filmed waves lapping on an iceberg in the same area. Finally, today we saw some Medieval dancing in the town square of Tallinn, Estonia.

I’ve also uploaded a couple of very short movies from the 2005 Wooster Israel expedition: Yoav Avni explaining some geology at Makhtesh Ramon, and Jeff Bowen collecting in Makhtesh Gadol.

No Oscars coming my way for these, but maybe a little flavor of these places is conveyed by the sound and movement. The clips are also mercifully short!

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Langadalsfjall: Big Enough for Only One

Over the past few days, Todd has been helping Yexary map a gabbro body in Skagastrond. They were highly productive and finished mapping today! Meanwhile, Adam, Rob, and Meagen are still on the wild rhyolite chase. Yesterday, we found rhyolite in a stream cut near Skagastrond, just where the map said it would be.

Adam and Rob getting their feet wet in a stream that Meagen refused to cross.

Adam and Rob getting their feet wet in a stream near Skagastrond that Meagen refused to cross.

Today, we climbed Langadalsfjall in search for rhyolite that was mapped near the very top. On the way up, we found lots of dikes intruding the sheet flows. The exposures were so great that we couldn’t help but sample.

Dikes intruding lavas - Adam for scale.

Dikes intruding lavas - Adam for scale.

We finally made it to the spot where the rhyolite should be only to find piles of rhyolite talus, grassy meadows, and white tuff. Despite our disappointment, we sampled the talus and enjoyed the awesome view.

Rob and Adam at the top of Vatnsdalsfjall.

Rob and Adam at the top of Langadalsfjall.

Unfortunately, we have a casualty to report. Rob thinks that Langadalsfjall is only big enough for one, so he tried to kill Adam in a rock avalanche and throw Meagen off a cliff. Thankfully, Adam and Meagen survived to see another day, but Meagen’s boots didn’t.

Part of Meagen's boot didn't make it back to base camp today.

Part of Meagen's boot didn't make it back to base camp today.

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