A New Way to do Stratigraphy / Paleontology

Elizabeth is completely fixated with stromatolites, and the obsession became even stronger today when we found ~200 feet of stromatolites within the massive Quarry Bed at Temple Hill. As Elizabeth and I oohed and awed over each stromatolite on the bedding plane at the top of the Quarry Bed, Jesse began leaping and bounding over quarry rubble, looking for additional “outcrops”.

We decided to forgo “conventional” stratigraphy and paleontology for a short while, and most anything in the quarry became our outcrop.

Elizabeth is working on one of our fabulous outcrops. As you can see, the stratigraphy is shown perfectly.

This blog would not be complete without some pictures of our “finds”. The top photo below is an example of one of our stromatolites in cross-section, while the bottom photo is a collection of …???…

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Green River Stratigraphy at Temple Hill

On Sunday, we traveled a short way down the road to Manti to work on Temple Hill, home of the Manti Temple. Our goal was to learn about the stratigraphy of the Green River Formation at this locality, and we accomplished that through measuring a strat column through the upper “member” of the Green River and the overlying Crazy Hollow Formation. We had a great day in the field, producing a 120 foot strat column and just beating the storm clouds as they rolled in later in the afternoon.

Take a look at the photo below, which is a view of a small portion of the massive “Quarry Bed”. Used as a building stone in the Sanpete Valley, this bed is 8-9 feet in places and is filled with (often silicified) ooids, pellets, and ostracodes — a dream for a carbonate lover!!”

Here you can see that we have nearly completed our strat column. We are through the Green River Formation and nearly done measuring the overlying Crazy Hollow. Elizabeth is hard at work with her Jacob's Staff, while Jesse is...posing for his photo shoot for outdoor clothing and equipment on top of the Crazy Hollow.

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Professor Greg Wiles is Wooster’s newest Shoolroy Chair of Natural Resources

Professor Greg Wiles in the now iconic photograph published in The Guardian on May 14, 2009.

WOOSTER, OHIO–We are very pleased to announce that Greg Wiles has been promoted to Full Professor and named the Shoolroy Chair of Natural Resources at The College of Wooster.  Greg has been at Wooster since 1998 and is our geomorphologist-dendrochronologist-paleoclimatologist (and hydrogeologist, for that matter).  He earned his BA in geology from Beloit College, his masters from Binghamton University (The State University of New York), and his PhD from the University at Buffalo (The State University of New York).  Greg has many publications in first-rate journals, a large number of them with Wooster students.  He is an Adjunct Associate Research Scientist at the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (Columbia University), and an Adjunct Research Associate at the Byrd Polar Research Center (The Ohio State University).  Greg founded and manages the Wooster Tree Ring Lab which not only has put Wooster on the map for climate studies, but has been a place where many of our students have their first professional research experiences as interns and assistants.  Greg is a treasured teacher in Wooster’s Department of Geology, where he is also the chair.  Reader of this blog know that Greg does much summer research with his students in Alaska and locally.  He is also our media star!

Congratulations to Greg on this promotion and appointment!  We are very fortunate to have a scientist and teacher of his caliber and dedication in our community.

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Field Camp in Utah – A Woo Reunion

Hello from Ephraim, Utah!! I just finished teaching my three week portion of Ohio State’s field camp with David Elliot (OSU, igneous petrology). To my surprise this year, field camp became a mini Wooster reunion, because Elyssa Krivicich (’09) was enrolled in field camp as a student. Elyssa moved on from Woo to OSU’s School of Earth Sciences, where she is focusing on paleontology under Bill Ausich, a colleague of Mark Wilson from their Estonia days (and a good friend of mine from my time at OSU).

Field camp this year has been just as great as usual. What possibly could be bad about spending each day in the Utah sun mapping? Yes, the days can be long and sometimes tiring (especially when you are grading), but the time mapping makes up for everything. Most of the mapping thus far was in Paleogene strata of the Sanpete Valley, but we did venture off for a camping trip to Marysvale, one of Utah’s volcanic provinces.

Because field camp is over, I can now turn my attention to field work with my I.S. students. Elizabeth Deering arrived in Utah on Saturday and is working with me here in Utah on the Green River Formation stromatolite lithofacies. I’m looking forward to days of fossil collecting in carbonates with Elizabeth. My other I.S. student, Jesse Davenport, is also here with us in Ephraim, assisting with field work. However, he will leave near the end of July to work in the Tobacco Root Mountain region of Montana on a Keck project. So, he’ll have to switch gears from Paleogene lacustrine strata to Archean metamorphics. Please stay tuned for more on our adventures in Utah, as we just completed our first day in the field!!

Elyssa Krivicich ('09) is hard at work during field camp, studying the packstone intervals in the Green River Formation on White Hill (Ephraim, Utah).

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Coring Odell Lake

Odell Lake in the early morning hours.

The dedicated team of Wooster Geologists, Sarah Appleton, Stephanie Jarvis, and Dr. Greg Wiles met up with the sleep deprived team of Geologists from The University of Cincinnati, Bill Honsaker, Gianna Evans, and Dr. Tom Lowell. The goal of day one was to field test equipment destined for a trip to Greenland, acquire lake cores for the Climate Change class at The College of Wooster and map the lake using geophysics, a branch of earth science dealing with the physical processes and phenomena occurring especially in the earth and in its vicinity.

Odell Lake is located in Holmes County, Ohio and is a natural lake that was formed by a glacier. Portions of the glacier broke off and melted forming a kettle lake. In the case of Odell Lake three pieces of a glacier broke off during the termination of the last ice age, about 15,000 years ago, and melted. As a result Odell Lake has three basins. The first basin is the largest but also the shallowest, the second basin is smaller and deeper and the westernmost basin is the smallest and deepest attaining almost 30 feet in depth.

Our first day began early in the morning in an attempt to beat the heat of the day. Once we arrived at the lake we began to unload our supplies. Most of our equipment came “some assembly required”.

A whole new meaning to some assembly required.

After several hours of assembling the necessary tools and equipment we were ready to divvy up jobs. Sarah and Gianna were assigned to the geophysics boat. Gianna was the geophysics specialist and Sarah was the boat driver (Gianna was a brave soul because this was Sarah’s first time driving this type of boat). Stephanie, Dr. Wiles, Bill, and Dr. Lowell boarded the coring vessel for her maiden voyage.

Sarah is learning to drive the boat and Gianna is ready, just in case, with the paddle.

Sarah and Gianna began crossing the lake mapping the depth and using sonar to determine the stratigraphy under the bottom of the lake. The wind was blowing pretty strongly and it caused a problem when the pair attempted to map the shallower water. The boat-mounted shade tent, as it turned out, made a terrific sail and the boat was blown aground. After some delicate maneuvering and dismantling the “sail” the team was back on track.

The geophysics team (Sarah and Gianna) deciding their next move.

The coring vessel was paddled out into the deeper water. It was a slow going process. Once the coring team was near to the location Sarah and Gianna were flagged down to identify the deepest part of the second basin. After assisting the coring raft the geophysics team returned to mapping. 

Onboard the coring raft the team worked diligently to test the equipment. At the end of the day they had a good set of cores and the geophysics team towed in the raft to save a lot of paddling.

Posing for a picture during a break.

After a hard day’s work the group went out for ice cream in the lovely town of Shreve. Over ice cream the team made plans for the next day.

Day Two:

Another early start to beat the heat with less assembly required than the previous day. The first task was to untangle the mass of ropes and anchors that held the raft in place during coring. It was decided that burlap sacks of rocks for anchors would be needed for Greenland. The raft was towed out to the third and deepest basin for coring. Once the raft was in place and firmly anchored the team went to work using two different types of coring methods.

The coring team (Dr. Wiles, Dr. Lowell, Stephanie, and Bill) hard at work.

Meanwhile, in the geophysics boat, Sarah and Gianna switched places. Gianna was captaining the ship while Sarah was learning to use the sonar and computer programs. Gianna was excellent about teaching Sarah to use the equipment and answering her endless questions.

Stephanie awaiting the core hand off so she can wrap it up for transport back to the Sediment Core Analysis Lab.

Both groups worked until they heard thunder. Sarah and Gianna moved back to the third basin to tow in the raft. Fortunately the first thunderstorm missed the lake. The group arrived safely on shore and began to disassemble the equipment and reload the trucks and trailer. When the group was nearly done a torrential downpour ensued causing the group to scamper for cover in the cars and trailer, where they received the sever thunderstorm warning for the area. The down pour only lasted for a few minutes before the team was back to work with a renewed vigor to beat the next storm which they were sure was right behind the first one. Once the equipment was packed away and tied down the team headed for some much deserved ice cream.

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Scene from the lab

WOOSTER, OHIO–I spent a good part of the day in the paleontology lab of Lisa Park, one of our accomplished Wooster Geology alumni who teaches at the University of Akron.  We took scanning electron microscope images of microconchid specimens I collected last November in Texas with Tom Yancey (Texas A&M).  For every day of fieldwork we probably spend another ten days in the lab studying the specimens.  Thought you might like to see one of these beautiful fossils very close-up:

Microconchid from the Bead Mountain Formation (Lower Permian) of central Texas. Note the budding and the remarkable internal diaphragms visible in the broken portion (upper right).

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B-WISER

Campers from the Buckeye Women in Science, Engineering, and Research (B-WISER) science camp visited the Geology Department last Thursday to study the role of lava viscosity in volcanic eruptions. We used corn syrup as our ‘lava’ and experimented with ways to increase and decrease the viscosity.

Some of the girls added bubbles to their syrup using highly technical equipment (straws).

After the experiments, we held races for the fastest and slowest lavas. The results were too close to call - at least three groups came out on top at the end of each race.

Although it was a sticky experiment, I think we all had fun in the end. In fact, the girls weren't shy about expressing their excitement about geology.

To top it all off, I received a special thank you – a serenade by the girls. Here it is: the twinkle remix.

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The Future of Undergraduate Geoscience Research

Thanks to Dr. Jeff Ryan (left) and Dr. Laura Guertin (center) for putting together a fantastic GeoCUR session.

To celebrate the upcoming 25th anniversary of the CUR Geosciences Division, our session today started with a lively discussion of what undergraduate research was like 25 years ago. It seems that Princeton had a robust undergraduate research program, but at many other institutions, undergraduate research was either focused on mapping or completely nonexistent. The rock hammers, compasses, and field books from 25 years ago are still essential today, but there is no doubt that undergraduate research has come a long way. Today, undergraduate research involves students operating high-level research instruments (like the microprobe) from a remote location. Field books are digital and traditionally lab-based analytical techniques (like the XRF) are used in the field. More undergraduate students are traveling internationally for research, and many more are getting research experience from the moment they begin their college careers. It is truly an exciting time to be conducting research with undergraduates, but when asked about the future direction for undergraduate geoscience research, the participants raised two significant concerns: the need to reach out to underrepresented groups and the need to stay relevant in a changing society. Clearly, there is much work to be done.

The results of our interactive session on how undergraduate research in the geosciences has changed. (Notice how we mostly erased the "Then" column, for effect of course!). See the GeoCUR blog (http://www.tinyurl.com/geocur) for slides and links from the session.

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CUR 2010

I’m at the 2010 National Conference of the Council on Undergraduate Research at Weber State in Ogden, Utah. Tonight, the conference kicked off with a talk by Dr. Robert Full (University of California, Berkeley) on “The Value of Interdisciplinary Research-based Instruction.” I immediately thought of Wooster’s Environmental Studies class that our own Dr. Wiles will be co-teaching with Dr. Susan Clayton (Psychology and Chair of Environmental Studies) as an excellent example of “interdisciplinary research-based instruction.” Tomorrow, I have the privilege of serving on a panel with Dr. Jeff Ryan and Dr. Laura Geurtin, my fellow GeoCUR Councilors, in an interactive session on “How Working with Undergraduate Researchers has Changed with Time.” I’ll be discussing wikis, digital field applications, and international research, but how is a geologist supposed to concentrate when surrounded by such wonderful scenery?

Wasatch Range, as viewed from the Welcome Reception at CUR 2010.

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Safely in the Tel Aviv airport and all’s well

BEN GURION AIRPORT, ISRAEL — It is always a special moment when the rental car is successfully returned (surprisingly undamaged), the luggage with its curious bags of rocks is checked through (“Why do you need to have numbers on all your souvenir rocks?”), and all the security and passport control zones have been successfully passed.  We are enjoying a special lunch to ease us back into American culture.

The drive to the airport began at 4:45 a.m., so our last view of the Negev consisted of dim shapes in the foggy dawn’s light.  (Fortunately none of those shapes were camels on the road.)  We have roughly 17 hours of travel ahead of us, and I intend to enjoy every minute of it not making any more decisions!  Home we come.

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